Sample Assignment with Chicago Referencing Style

Presentation Heftiness has risen as the most squeezing healthful issue confronting the created world. This pattern has happened over a generally brief timeframe; in the United States, it seems to have started in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The pandemic in kids followed presently. The latest information (19992000) from national overviews in the United States propose that right around 66% of the grown-up populace is overweight, and just about 33% is hefty. In kids, current assessments (19992000) put the predominance of overweight at 15%, a triple increment in the course of recent years. Despite the fact that this plague has saved no subgroup of the populace and has been reported in people everything being equal and racial/ethnic and financial subgroups, the issue is most prominent in minority populaces and among people living in destitution. Weight is a worldwide general medical issue, influencing for all intents and purposes each district of the world except for sub-Saharan Africa. Conversation ID The World Health Organization (2000) characterizes corpulence as a state of anomalous or overabundance gathering of fat tissue (muscle versus fat) to a degree that a person's wellbeing might be impeded. Since the exact estimation of fat tissue requires intrusive research center measures, in the populace setting, a more straightforward measure on which to base a stoutness definition is required. Albeit flawed, the Body Mass Index (BMI), characterized as weight in kilograms partitioned by tallness in meters squared, has been embraced by agreement in the United States by the National Institutes of Health (1998) and the Centers; for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and universally by WHO (2000). Agreement meanings of overweight and heftiness have been set at 25 (overweight) and 30 (stoutness), with seriousness classes of weight characterized as follows: overweight, 25.0 to 29.9; Class I corpulence, 30.0 to 34.9; Class II stoutness, 35.0 to 39.9; and Class III corpulence, 40.0+. The W HO (2000) phrasing varies marginally, yet the cutoff focuses are the equivalent. In developing youngsters, in whom weight and stature are both changing (and at various rates), the meaning of corpulence is intrinsically progressively entangled. Albeit no all around conceded to standard exists for evaluating overweight and stoutness in youngsters and teenagers, there is a developing accord that BMI ought to be received as an aberrant proportion of adiposity for kids and youths, too. Since BMI shifts considerably by age and sex during youth and youthfulness, the particular BMI shorts used to characterize stoutness must be sexual orientation and age-explicit and must be referenced against a norm. In the United States, the standard utilized is the CDC Revised Growth Reference. Universally, a few principles, including one dependent on a pooled worldwide example are likewise being used. A few periods being developed have been proposed as basic periods in the improvement of industrious stoutness and its comorbid results. These incorporate the pre-birth period (when intrauterine exposures may impact adiposity), youth, and pre-adulthood. Some proof recommends that bosom taking care of may secure against later heftiness. Probability of steadiness in adulthood of stoutness from youth is connected both to age at beginning and seriousness. Sequelae Youth stoutness has various prompt, halfway, and long haul wellbeing outcomes. These incorporate great cardiovascular hazard factors, for example, hypertension, irregular blood lipid levels, and hindered glucose resistance. Respiratory conditions incorporate rest cluttered relaxing. Likewise, early menarche and menstrual irregularities are connected to overweight. Of specific concern is the rise of type 2 diabetes, when thought about a grown-up beginning infection, as a sickness of adolescence. The mental effect may speak to one of the most harming impacts of heftiness given that trashing and social separation may bring about lower confidence and wretchedness. In an as of late imitated great investigation, kids were solicited to rank request an arrangement from drawings of kids with different debilitations (bolsters, wheelchair, missing a hand, facial distortion, corpulence) in view of which kid they might want best. The stout youngster was positioned last independent of the position ing kid's sex, race, financial status, living condition, and own incapacity. In another investigation, evaluations of personal satisfaction for kids with corpulence were like those of youngsters experiencing chemotherapy for malignant growth. Despite the fact that stoutness in adulthood that has been available from adolescence may worry about an extra concern because of expanded seriousness, much grown-up corpulence emerges through grown-up weight gain. The wellbeing results of heftiness present in adulthood are colossal, both in extent and effect on personal satisfaction. In building up its clinical rules, the NIH report recognized a broad rundown of wellbeing conditions for which heftiness expanded hazard. These incorporate hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary illness, stroke, gallbladder sickness, osteoarthritis, rest apnea and respiratory issues, numerous tumors, and sadness. The quantity of passings every year in the United States owing to corpulence has been evaluated at 300,000. Hazard Factors In all people, kid or grown-up, corpulence emerges because of vitality irregularity: When vitality admission surpasses vitality use, the vast majority of the overabundance calories are put away as fat tissue. To offer ascent to stoutness, vitality irregularity must happen over an extensive stretch of time and likely mirrors a mix of components. Singular practices, ecological components, and heredity, separately and in blend, add to the advancement of weight. The quickness with which the corpulence plague rose principles out basic hereditary clarifications. The present condition in the United States has been portrayed as obesogenic, implying that it advances high vitality admissions and low vitality expendituresthe vitality irregularity that offers ascend to weight gain. Current industrialized social orders give bottomless, moderately modest food; present day life is composed to lessen vitality consumption at work and at home, through innovation and urbanization. For an animal groups that advanced to store fat in the midst of bounty so as to get by in less fatty occasions, numerous people are hereditarily powerless to put on weight in the present condition. Over the top vitality admission is an essential hazard factor for the advancement of adolescence and grown-up stoutness, in spite of the fact that the particular parts of admission mindful are questionable. Dietary components, for example, diet organization, vitality thickness, fat admission, products of the soil utilization, snacks, sugar-rich nourishments, and sodas, have all been recognized in relationship with stoutness. Expanded utilization of products of the soil can help lessen the admission of dietary fat and calories since they are normally low in fat and vitality thickness contrasted and different nourishments. Regardless of current proposals that people beyond 2 4 years old 2 to 4 servings of foods grown from the ground to 5 servings of vegetables day by day, youngsters and youths eat a normal of just 3.6 servings of products of the soil every day, and singed potatoes represent a huge extent of those servings. Various other dietary factors, including soda pops, eating, par cel sizes, and newborn child taking care of have likewise been connected to youth weight. Studies propose that the expanded utilization of sugar-improved sodas, nibble nourishments (which are frequently high in fat or/and sugar), and enormous measured bits of food sources have added to the expansion in vitality admissions. Physical Activity Diminished physical movement might be the most significant factor in clarifying the expansion of weight in the course of recent decades. Physical action among U.S. youth is in decay, with almost 50% of youngsters matured 12 to 21 announcing that they don't take part in overwhelming physical movement normally and one fourth detailing no enthusiastic physical action. While relaxation time physical action has expanded in men and stayed steady in ladies in the course of recent decades in the United States, action related with work and home life has declined over a similar period. Stationary conduct and latency, for example, sitting in front of the TV and playing video/PC games, likewise are contributory components. Gortmaker et al. (1996) revealed a balanced chances proportion (OR) for weight of 8.3 for young people who sat in front of the TV over 5 hours out of every day contrasted with the individuals who watched 0 with 2 hours. Convincing proof originates from intercession contemplate s, which show that diminishing TV seeing time can help forestall youth stoutness. Grown-ups in a preliminary of support following weight reduction continued their misfortunes best when physical movement was high and TV seeing was low. Television watching may advance heftiness by decreasing physical action, bringing down metabolic rate, and expanding vitality admission. The last may happen because of the way that TV review might be related with eating and may direct dietary patterns commonly through more prominent introduction to publicizing of nourishments high in included sugars and fat or by passing on blended messages about way of life and wellbeing in the substance of ads. Television seeing is a significant wellspring of idleness among Americans. Screen time, a rundown proportion of time spent review TV and recordings and occupied with PC based movement, speaks to the biggest extent of nonsleep, nonschool time for youth. Ends Heftiness has risen as the major nourishing issue confronting the pediatric and grown-up populaces around the world. The etiology of corpulence is multifactorial and incorporates singular hazard factors, hereditary impacts, and natural effectors. The seriousness of the issue, as far as quick and long haul wellbeing outcomes to physical and mental wellbeing, proposes it is a difficult that will overwhelm the general wellbeing plan in the 21st century.

Ethics and Financial Services

Japanese watch showcase review Results for the monetary year finished March 31 show that watch deals at Japans Big Three watch firms drooped for the second back to back year as the Great Recession kept on smothering interest for mid-evaluated watches. By and by, the watch divisions at Citizen, Seiko and Casio stayed beneficial. For the organizations all in all, lone the Citizen Group detailed a benefit for year; Seiko and Casio both revealed misfortunes. Seiko In the watch divisions, the hardest hit was Seiko, producer of Seiko, Pulsar, Alba and authorized brand watches; watch deals fell 31 percent to 64.5 billion yen ($693 million) for the monetary year. Two years prior, Seikos watch deals totaled  ¥117.2 billion. From that point forward, they have fallen an amazing 45%. Seiko now positions third among the Big Three as far as watch income. Seiko Holdings Corp. said working salary at its Seiko Watch Corp. auxiliary expanded 38 percent to  ¥2.2 billion ($23.6 million). In contrast to Citizen and Casio, Seiko Holdings gave no announcement examining the money related outcomes. Resident Watch and clock deals at Citizen Watch Co. fell 6.7 percent in the monetary year to  ¥123.6 billion ($1.33 billion). With respect to Japanese market, Citizen said in an explanation that the moderate recuperation in utilization and different factors under winning financial conditions made for an exceedingly troublesome deals condition particularly for premium-evaluated items for the initial 75% of the year. Abroad, deals in Asia, especially China, were strong and a long ways in front of the earlier year, Citizen said. In the North American market, the biggest for this business, troublesome conditions proceeded through the principal half, yet offered route to a quicker than-anticipated market recuperation in the subsequent half and deals development for Eco-Drive and other high worth included items, Citizen said. Resident said deals at its Bulova Corp. auxiliary in the United States dropped for the year, in spite of the fact that Bulova posted more grounded second half deals because of expanded deals of mechanical watches and other separated items. Working benefit in Citizens watch and clock section rose 7.1 percent to  ¥9.7 billion ($104.2 million). Casio Deals of Casio Computer Companys watch division fell simply 2.8 percent to  ¥78.1 billion yen ($839 million). Deals of non-radio-controlled watches were influenced by the brutal market condition in the main half, Casio said in an announcement, yet deals of radio-controlled watches were solid, especially Casios high-esteem included brands, for example, G-Shock, Oceanus, and Edifice. Casio doesn't uncover the working pay of its watch division. Its general gadgets portion, which incorporates watches, revealed a  ¥19.9 billion misfortune ($213.8 million). Notwithstanding, Casio noticed that watches remained profoundly productive. Watches speak to just a part of the deals of every one of the three firms. At Citizen and Casio, watches beat different divisions. Net deals for Citizen Holding Co. Ltd. dropped 14.9 percent to  ¥252.5 billion ($2.71 billion). Net gain for the Citizen Group stayed stable at  ¥3.5 billion ($37.6 million). Net deals for Casio in general dropped 17.4 percent to  ¥427.9 ($4.60 billion). For the year, Casio announced lost  ¥21.0 billion ($226.0 million). Casio said the essential driver of the misfortune was a sharp decrease in deals of phones. Net deals at Seiko Holdings Corp. expanded 33% to  ¥230.7 billion ($2.48 billion). The expansion, nonetheless, is expected completely to a revamping of the Seiko Group in October that made Seiko Instruments Inc., one of the gatherings two significant assembling units, an auxiliary of Seiko Holdings. SII included  ¥85.0 billion ($913.6 million) to Seiko Holdings deals. Without SII, Seiko Holding deals would have declined by 16 percent for the year. Seiko Holdings detailed a total deficit for the time of  ¥3.6 billion ($39 million). Enormous Three Watch Sales 2006-2010 (billion yen) Resident Sales Casio Sales Seiko Sales Motivation behind Marketing Plan The motivation behind composing an advertising plan is to give a nitty gritty report of our new item in the market. Beginning from item characteristics, finding our reasonable objective markets, the advantages that our objective clients will get, choosing proper appropriation channels to make our item effectively open, examining the present circumstance examination of our objective markets, investigation of our rivals, and the proportion of market which they have captured.Designing an advertising blend, estimating procedures, Marketing destinations and as needs be making promoting systems. Statement of purpose With in this limited ability to focus time we have increased a decent verbal exchange by giving better quality solid items. Creative, present day, up-to-date are for the most part engaging attributes that epitomize Integrals structure. Dreams and standards can't be acknowledged by methods for regular thoughts and advances. That is the reason our way to deal with advancement is to define a difficult objective and tackle it from each conceivable viewpoint until what basically cannot be done completes. We Updates you with time Organization profile à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Organization name Bingo Watches. Promoting Plan for Power Disk Watch N$B 3 MR. Uzair Zaheer is CEO of the organization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ MR. Aamir Latif is Managing Director of the organization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ MR. Majid Ali is GM of the organization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ MR. Arslan Khurshid is Marketing Director. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Organization item name is Power Disk Watch. Status of the organization Bingo began their business in 2001 from the significant urban communities Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi and for as long as five years our organization has been of delivering following items à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ wrist observes (Computerized and Analog) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Extravagant divider timekeepers (Digital and Analog) With in this limited capacity to focus time we have increased a decent verbal exchange for our quality items which we have been creating as indicated by the market likings. Presently we are going to dispatch another imaginative, earth shattering, new special item in the market which is at present not accessible so we are having no contenders for our new item called Power Circle Watch. Market status of the organization Promoting Plan for Power Disk Watch N$B 4 Our organization chiefly centering in Pakistans advertise, our items are being utilized in Pakistan. The altruism of our items is high in the market. Because of market review we have an enormous amount of steadfast client just as potential costumers. There is nonstop correspondence with the client (advancement) to build the quality and execution of existing items. Based on past understanding there are acceptable desires with the new item Power Disk Watch. Item Attributes Calfskin and chain lashes: This item will be accessible for clients in veritable calfskin and chain (titanium) lashes relying upon watch model. Mp3 player: It has a form in MP3 music player which will be an energizing advance for fun admirers of various ages. Voice recorder: Watch likewise can record voice messages, theres a little, touchy mouthpiece at the base of the watch. It very well may be utilized as a covert operative recorder. Worked in equalizer: There is a worked in equalizer in this item which will empower the clients to change to various methods of inherent equalizer for example rock, delicate, pop, move, exemplary, level Memory space Battery: Advertising Plan for Power Disk Watch N$B 5 Work in 170mAH, 3.7V Hi Li-particle battery-powered battery. Contingent upon the model its memory space differs for example 128MB, 256MB, 512MB, and 1GB Night mode: At the point when it turns dull the watch arms and fastens consequently begins sparkling so one can undoubtedly work. Weight Speed: Weight of the gadget is 50-80g (Varies with structure and shape) and the speed is USB 1.1 (Max 5Mbps). Bolster bit rate: Bolster bit rate is 32kbps-256kbps. Light markers: It has distinctive sign lights to demonstrate charging, Mp3 player on/off. Play time: Utilizing this watch clients can play ceaselessly for 10~12 hours. Framework support: Windows 98 or above. Various arrangements: Advertising Plan for Power Disk Watch The watch handles various configurations like MP3, WMA, and WAV records for playback. Fitting and play: For windows over 98 there is no compelling reason to introduce driver simply plug furthermore, play. Steps of Marketing plan 1) Situational Analysis 1) Micro Environment 2) Macro condition Smaller scale Environment Smaller scale factors are the variables that straightforwardly impact our organization. The principle small scale factors are: 1Intermediaries (Suppliers/Distributors) 2Customers 3Competitors (direct/backhanded) P o te n tia l E n tra n ts S u p lie rs B u y e rs S u b s titu te s In d u s attempt Full scale Environment Promoting Plan for Power Disk Watch N$B 7 1)- Demograhic Environment Demography is the investigation of human populace as far as age, sexual orientation, family size, family life cycle, training and populace age blend. Pakistan is one of the third world nations with a populace of 15.50 billion out of which 48% are guys and 52% are females. 55% of the populace includes in horticulture. The proficiency rate in low for example 39% and populace rate is 2.3% every year. The vast majority of the populace lives in provincial zones however movement rate is high. The per capital pay is $480 per individual yearly. Lahore is probably the biggest city of Pakistan. The objective of our watch is youthful age maturing from 20-35 yet at the same time watch is being utilized by folks also. 2)- Economic Environment In underdeveloped nations, a huge piece of the pay of individuals is spent on the fundamental needs, so its the most touchy condition where the pay level is low, working class is contracting, riches circulation is inconsistent and sparing rate is low. The individuals are either exceptionally rich or extremely poor. Also, their utilization conduct differs appropriately. 3)- Technological condition In Pakistan, there are less chances of advancement are accessible because of the absence of research. Anyway it likewise relies upon the organizations that the amount they lean toward the exploration and custome

Discrimination Against LGBT Essay

To a huge number of Americans, the privilege to fairness is being abused in view of their sexual direction. Government and state Constitutional corrections that characterize marriage as between a man and a lady deny gay Americans these rights. These rights were/are abused when certain states boycott gay marriage by law, while contradicting gay marriage depends on strict perspectives, and when quest for satisfaction is detracted from a gay american. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution both give Americans the privileges of Equal Protection Under Law, Freedom of Religion, and the Pursuit of Happiness. Individuals who are LGBT are not getting treated similarly and are in any event, being separated now and again. The fourteenth changes expresses that there ought to be Equal Protection under the law. It shields people from subjective separation by government authorities. In the guide of the U.S. which demonstrated which states permit gay marriage, just twenty one states pe rmit some type of local organization (â€Å"Current Status†) and the remainder of the states boycott gay equity. As a nation, correspondence is restricted by law. The equitable perfect of equity was damaged for this situation. In the main alteration, it expresses that there ought to be opportunity of religion, which incorporates opportunity from religion. This is the division of chapel and state. In a meeting with president Obama, it said in 2004, Obama refered to his own perspectives saying that christian marriage was between a man and a lady (â€Å"President†). This shows at times resistance to gay marriage depends on strict groups’ motivation. In the primary correction, the foundation condition says that administration can't support one religion over another. They ought not make laws that boycott gay marriage in light of one religion. In the revelation of freedom, it says that quest for satisfaction an unalienable right that the individuals have. The quest for bliss implies â€Å"The option to seek after any legitimate business or occupation, in any way not conflicting with the equivalent privileges of others, which may build their flourishing or build up their resources, in order to give them their most noteworthy enjoyment.† sometimes, if somebody was seen as gay, they would frequently lose their employment or lose companions, and they probably won't be dealt with a similar path as they used to (The Associated Press). In 2001, Dennis and Judy Shepherd were denied the privilege to the quest for bliss in light of the fact that their child, Matthew was taken in a demonstration of brutality since he was gay (â€Å"Obama†). It was truly hard for Matthew’s guardians after such a major misfortune. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution the two gives Americans the privileges of Equal Protection Under Law, Freedom of Religion, and the Pursuit of Happiness. In these three cases individuals who are LGBT are not getting treated similarly and are being separated. All individuals ought to be dealt with similarly and ought to have the option to get hitched.

Pragmatism - Relativism - and Irrationalism

Question: Examine about the Pragmatism, Relativism, and Irrationalism. Answer: Presentation: A talk logical strategy has developed to be a fascinating idea with regards to todays world with an assortment of accessible methodologies implied for dissecting and deciphering composed, vocal or sign writings for translating the shrouded significance, and re-confining the equivalent. Each talk grows past the bounds of its sentence structure, and the socio-mental point of view of the author can be revealed through the re-translation of the talk. The content that the current report plans to investigate is named Wage Gap isnt a Conspiracy composed by Ingrid (Jacques, 2017). The article is composed with the expectation of restricting the much discussed issue of sexual orientation biasedness at working environment, which eventually prompts lower pay scale for the female representatives, for exactly the same work their male partners are doing. The writer of the article alludes to this as a unimportant fantasy, by support his announcement with the contentions of other noted pundits. Be th at as it may, an exhaustive investigation into the article will mirror the social talk that is instilled in the psyche of the writer that has constrained him to pen down an article as this (Rorty, 2013). Conversation of Discourse Method: Sober mindedness is one of the most intriguing talk examination strategies that have sprung up during the time of post-structuralism. This examination technique means to guarantee that a talk composed at a particular period ever, or in a specific culture will in general mirror the interests, ideological discernments and social convictions of that particular time or specific culture. At the end of the day, Pragmatism plans to express that individuals talking in a specific talk or composes a talk in close congruity with the mutual estimations of the talk he is familiar with. In the ordinary talk of a general public, individuals partner a lot of credits to a particular item, for example red shading may suggest stop in a rush hour gridlock signal, or again the possibility of a lady might be related with the idea of delicacy, while that of a man with power. In such a circumstance, as and when an individual plans to compose a social talk, he will undoubtedly communicate the beliefs and qua lities winning in the general public (Morgan, 2014). Implicature and Hidden importance: On a strict plane, the suggested significance of the examined content is that the female representatives are not dependent upon proficient inclination as far as their compensation at work environment, and it is the absence of adaptability with which the female workers work, that makes them unacceptable to acquire higher. Notwithstanding, a more intensive gander at the content infers that the writer is attempting to control the idea of the perusers, by accusing ladies, their underperformance and their over-desires. However it ought to be noticed that the essayist has been very much aware of the ongoing rush of women's liberation, and the inconceivability of attempting to restrict ladies or challenge their possibilities in an article, and consequently the author likewise underlines the significance of enabling ladies (Brandom, 2015). He says : telling ladies there is a pay hole doesnt enable them, but instead keeps them down, and along these lines the writer attempts to show the female perusers that he cares about ladies strengthening, but tries to control their brains. As the essayist begins the article, the perusers are probably going to assume that the author is attempting to support ladies, and he will restrict the arrangement of unfairness which brings about less installment of the ladies in an occupation in which a male worker is procuring higher. The initial sentence ast week, messages poured in, illuminating me that ladies are paid considerably less than men for a similar work. I began to get resentful about this unfairness constrains the perusers to imagine that the writer will restrict this thought, but then anyway as the article continues the peruser comprehends that the fundamental expectation of the author is to contradict this view. The essayist basically tries to help ladies, and their entitlement to get an equivalent compensation, as he was very much aware that composition against ladies in a women's activist period would likewise infer solid opposition, prompting the dismissal of his foremost thought of the article. Consequently he shows himself worried about the equity of ladies, attempting to search out the motivation behind why ladies are saved money, and at last investigating that ladies ought to be urged to work more instead of whine less (Braunstein, 2015). Very much aware of the way that he is restricting a much discussed issue of inconsistent work-pay, the essayist changes the tone and state of mind of the article, whereby it doesn't assault the ladies, but instead shows worry for the advancement of ladies: making the compensation hole somebody elses deficiency distracts from urging ladies to settle on decisions that would help their check, including picking all the more requesting and more lucrative professions Socio-Cultural Values and Beliefs of the Writers and the Receptors: It ought to be noticed that the article asserts that ladies are not abused at work environment as far as inconsistent compensation, and in reality their refusal to work for longer hours or adaptable working timetable restricts their chance for the equivalent. There is no point expressing the way that the article got composed remembering the necessities and social desires for a male commanded world that doesn't recognize its own habit in sabotaging the interests and needs of ladies, and underestimating the equivalent. Subsequently, the creator will in general move the fault of a one-sided society driven by man centric belief systems to the ladies, who as per him are settling on an inappropriate decisions that is denying them the option to get to fairness regarding wage structure in proficient circles (Sell, 2014). The author accuses the ladies by calling ladies unequipped for procuring more cash than men by virtue of wrong profession decisions. Notwithstanding the exertion of the auth or to stay impartial and objective while composing the article, he falls prey to the ideological impression of the general public that esteems ladies to be disgraceful while believe men to be the more grounded and all the more meriting sex. Truth be told the very sentence ladies are almost certain than men to organize adaptable hours and time off unmistakably states the man centric point of view of the creator who accepts that ladies have a place with the more vulnerable sex, and along these lines their refusal to investigate new skylines in the expert world land them in the midst of average quality. As the creator expresses that Blaming the pay disparity wont support these ladies, it turns out to be certain that he attempting to ventilate his socially developed assessment of a male centric culture, that depends on guaranteeing social soundness to the detriment of the prosperity of a gathering of underestimated, abused individuals. All things considered, the writer stays aware of the way that he may experience opposition from the ladies perusers too, and thus he shuns putting the whole fault on ladies. In like manner he searches out to accuse absence of instruction and harder family choices to be the ulterior reasons prompting the equivalent. However simultaneously, it ought to be noticed that the creator doesn't try to feature how a male-driven perspective on world keeps the ladies from accomplishing top notch instruction, and bringing about the expert disparity at working environment (Anozie, 2016). The very motivation behind why in some piece of the world, ladies are less taught than men or are not permitted to decide on adaptable work routine, is on the grounds that the male-driven world confines her opportunity. In any case, the essayist is kept away from transparently condemning the male-driven framework for its duty in making the compensation hole between the genders, considering the male-focused philoso phy that penetrates his belief system. End: To close, it ought to be noticed that in Wage Gap isnt a Conspiracy composed by Ingrid Jacques, the creator driven by male centric belief systems of a male-focused world, expects to accuse ladies, neglecting the intrigue of the male workers in adding to inconsistent compensation issue in the expert world. Nonetheless, mindful of the receptors being all around familiar with the possibility of women's liberation, and ladies rights, he attempts to urge ladies to work more enthusiastically for the achievement of an all the more remunerating profession in future. Reference List: Anozie, S. O. (2016).Structural models and African poetics: towards a realistic hypothesis of writing. Routledge. Brandom, R. B. (2015). Viewpoints on Pragmatism: Classical, Recent, and Contemporary.American Journal of Theology Philosophy,36(1), 100-104. Braunstein, G., 2015. Realism and the Political. Jacques, I. (2017).Wage hole isnt a conspiracy.The Detroit Name. Recovered 14 April 2017, from https://www.detroitnews.com/story/feeling/editorialists/ingrid-jacques/2017/04/08/ingrid-jacques-pay-hole/100230312/ Morgan, D. L. (2014). Realism as a worldview for social research.Qualitative Inquiry,20(8), 1045-1053. Rorty, R. (2013). Realism, relativism, and irrationalism.The American Philosophical Association Centennial Series, 653-666. Sell, R. D. (2014).Literary Pragmatics (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

The Color Purple Rhetorical Analysis - Free Essay Example

Self-love is lacking immensely within the Black community. Alice Walkers The Color Purple shows how physical, verbal, and emotional abuse can diminish the values of African-Americanespecially women. Alice Walker successfully targets the Black community by educating them on the Black community by educating them on the consistent abuse passed down for centuries. In her book, Alice Walker uses imagery frequently to portray the graphic scenes in the story. The protagonist is an example of all African-American people, even men. Celie, the protagonist and narrator of this novel is stripped from her sense of self. Before she was sold to an older man, her father drilled negativity into her head. Each insult peeling a piece of Celie away. By the time she is fourteen, she has had two children by her father. By the time she is twenty and sold, she believes the frequent discredit. Celie is overall silenced, and the cycle continues in her marriage. Just this alone is so heavy to read on ones heart. Pathos is a large part of this essay because it forces the reader to experience something terribly dark that many people revert their eyes from. My heart ached throughout the book as I read the detailed abuse that Celie endured. This usage of pathos causes the reader to want to reach inside the book and rescue Celie from her unbearable life. It is all an emotional trigger. Alice Walker wrote this essay touching on rape, abuse, slavery, and discrimination. Walker wrote this novel to wake America up. They act like 400 years of being dominated and enslaved by white men left no trace, and that all this bad behavior started with the Black people. (Walker 2007). Walker was initially inspired by the segregated times that she grew up in. She witnessed in the Martin Luther King era. We can trust that her book is good because it comes from a raw place of experience and history. If you deny the people of their own voice, youll have no idea of who they were. (Walker 2013) Alice then ultimately was not only inspired by her upbringing, but also by her ancestors. She wanted to be the voice that her ancestors were not. She aired out the touchy topics that had been swept under the rug for large amount of time. The raw nerve that Alice initially received a negative response from her book. Not only were White people in an uproar but even African Americans. She was accuse d of hating black men and betraying her race. She touched a raw nerve that many felt was too soon since segregation was just starting to diminish. Alice was blamed for altering the reputation of the African American race. Regardless of the hate, Alice Walker continued to stay confident and sell her book. She needed people to hear the story of her ancestors. The Color Purple was written very logically. This story is no fairytale. Walker held back no details and did not sugar coat the storyline. He never had a kine word to say to me. Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldnt. (Walker Page 4). The rest of this quote is very detailed and graphic. Walker utilizes imagery to describe the sexual abuse that Celies father committed to show the reader why Celie is so insecure. If Alice had used euphemisms, the meaning behind her words would not have been as effective. The violence and emotional abuse were a large factor that came with the book. Alices mother barely able to get past the first few pages of the book due to how graphic and sickening the book is. Walker utilized logos because she knew if she wrote a fairytale story it would be cute and maybe be a hit but selling a million copies was not her mot ivation. She wanted her stories to come from an honest and real place so her audience would be reminded of the dark history of African American abuse. Celie is an analogy to all of the African American race. Alice Walkers The Color Purple achieved exactly what she wanted. Walker wanted black people to open their eyes and talk about the things that many people during this time wouldnt. She effectively utilized ethos, logos, and pathos to further her success of this novel. By writing this book and becoming a success, Alice was able to free her ancestors voice and get all of her held back anger off of her chest. Alice saw herself in Celie and wanted others to see themselves too. In closing I will end with a quote from Celie herself Im pore, Im black, I may be ugly and cant cook, a voice say to everything listening. But Im here, (Walker 207).

Key ethical theories - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION Before I begin, let me first suggest to you the overall task of Christian Ethics. If I speak about ethics, I speak about Who we are, how we are to perceive our world and how we are to live in this world. This is the main crux of Christian Ethics. In this assignment I would like to demonstrate a working knowledge of African, Western and African Christian Ethics. I will also look at the differences between selected ethical theories. ASSIGNMENT 1 Explain Western Ethics and evaluate the effect it has on our understanding of ethics. Underscore both the positives and negatives it has brought about in ethical thinking. According to Barnhill (2009) the Western tradition has four major approaches to ethics: The first two listed (Utilitarian Ethics and Deontological Ethics) are modern developments and they dominate modern philosophy. He says that Virtue ethics is as old as Plato and is making a bit of a come-back. Natural law ethics is relatively popular among environmental ethicists. After reading his Environmental studies, I have come to realise the following: This study speaks about goodness and badness. We can identify happiness with the good and sees virtue as a major part of happiness. We can explain that happiness and virtue should be detached. If we look at virtue it relates to good will, a good will is good in every circumstance and is absolute or unconditional good. It grows when you act for the sake of duty. A human action is morally good and is done for the sake of duty. Western Ethics shows us that an action can be motivated by duty and has moral worth. Not because of the resul ts it achieved, but for satisfying a formal principle. The principle of performing ones duty, whatever it may be. People have impulses and desires and that is why the moral law appears to us as a law that we must obey. This impulses and desires is our only source for moral judgement. This is our free will. Our free will can create a moral law and we will obey it. The human mind is able to know what is good and evil. To have value judgement is born from inside of us. This is called your conscience. Most people recognize that man is free to make his or her moral decisions. On the other hand, all the things that we do wrong come from our human desires. Men and women should follow the will of God. Use the will of God to make certain decisions in life. There is a universal moral law, the knowledge to free ourselves from human desires. We are free to make good and sound moral judgements. In the approach of care and the community, too much Western Ethics has given individuals the right to think about themselves. We must build love and compassionate relationships among people. The full theory of ethics would have to accommodate all four aspects of Western ethics. One way to sometimes approach Western ethics and the influence it has on ethics is based on four aspects like rights, goods, virtues and our relationship with each other. We must look at the following questions like: Do our actions violate another persons rights? We must try to achieve good in life. Look at our integrity. Care for each other. Ethics and even Western Ethics can never be static and with Western Ethics there are certain frameworks and principles. We dont know whether Western Ethic has a future, but it really and most definitely do have a past. We can see that the patterns of the Western moral personality will continue to surface and really have to be dealt with, either through painful reflection or painful restructuring (Kunhiyop, 2004:29). Define in your own words Contemporary African Ethics. Highlight its important characteristics. Kigongo (nd) says that Contemporary African Ethics is a combination of African ethical tradition and European ethical tradition. What better way to describe Contemporary African Ethics than the word Ubuntu. Ubuntu means that people are people because of other people. In Africa nobody can survive alone, we need each other to survive. I think that we are all searching and suggesting new directions which to follow in pursuit of African values. We can say that the foundation of African ethics is definitely a humanistic worldview. Everything about the community is seen to exist not just in the here and now, but also in the past, through those who have already gone and also in the future, those who have yet to come. It is the past that influence the present and the present the future. Why, we ask, has this worldview, with the emphasis on respect for all mankind, support and responsibility not travel through the whole world yet? You remember in the second paragraph I spoke about Ubu ntu. Well, I can say that this worldview is expressed by the very society that lives according to it. If the community follows Contemporary African Ethics, they are living testimonies to their worldview. This worldview is worth reviving and respect for another, especially a stranger, is well known to communities in the south of the Sahara. With them a visitor was to be welcomed and feted, not suspected and resisted like in some of our communities (Kunhiyop, 2004:23-27). Africa is currently looking at a new future when it comes to African Ethics. Africa believes that its own worldview has so much potential and contemporary messages to give. Africa does not have all the above on record, but the culture itself speaks of enrichment and value. Definitely African values can be included in everything in life, for example in institutions of higher learning. The world needs more Contemporary African Ethics (Kunhiyop, 2004:13). Identify the key aspects of African Christian Ethics. I hear what Okolo (nd) says: First, the African may well count himself fortunate to be blessed with such a basically sound and enduring religious and moral tradition. But this does not at all mean that the Christian religion based on Christs love ethic constitutes a mere superficial dimension in his moral life. The Christian religion means for the African fundamental changes in many of his cultural values and options such that a real conversion is required for him to be a Christian in the authentic meaning of the term and in its ethical implication. I think that the African society is in a moral crisis. The African are having an identity crisis and have shifted away from their value system. Their moral values they gave away for other value systems. In a sense the first aspects is the fact that they have betrayed the African value system by analyzing it with the socio-economic and political implications that are taken from all the different value systems. The second aspect for me is the fact that Africans are now abandoning their value system by trying to embrace other systems, namely liberalism and utilitarianism. The consequence of this above mentioned shift is that the African will no longer be known by what he is, but by what he has acquired by different means. The African have lost the sense of Who am I and this created the moral crisis in South Africa. If we look at virtue ethics, I think it could help us to redeem the African value system as well as every individual in South Africa. Virtue ethics is intended to provide a society in which people can live a meaningful life. There is a general agreement amongst the African people that the African cannot be defined except in the closeness of the community. We can see the closeness of relationship between the individual and the social nature of the African. The African system is not concerned with material issues; it is concerned primarily with human beings in their relationship with one another. It is like that, the community means that the community alone can constitute the context, their social and cultural space. Africans needs to find freedom and responsibility in themselves and also in other people in South Africa. CONCLUSION Whether African Christian Ethics will start a different socio-economic and political arrangement remains a question that needs to be explored in-depth. Bibliography Barnhill D L 2007. Four Traditional Western Approaches to Ethics. Online article: https://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/barnhill/ES_375/ethics.html, 07/01/2009. Kunhiyop S W 2004. African Christian Ethics. United States of America: Hippo Books. Kigongo J K n.d. The Relevance of African Ethics To Contemporary African Society. Online article: https://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/II-8/chapter_ii.htm, 13/01/2009. Okolo C B n.d. The African Experience of Christian Values: Dimensions of The Problematic. Online article: https://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/II-3/chapter_xi.htm, 13/01/2009. INTRODUCTION The Bible is an expression of Gods will to us and possesses the right supremely to define what we are to believe and how we are to conduct ourselves. In the book African Christian Ethics Samuel W. Kunhiyop gives us guidelines in biblical Christianity for Africa. Although Samuel Kunhiyops book does not deal exclusively with the role of the Bible, I will review his book to get to the core. We know that everything stays the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. To review a great Theologian like Samuel W. Kunhiyop, I dont think it is for me to comment on the way he wrote his book. ASSIGNMENT 2 Write a critical book review of the course textbook: Samuel Kunhiyop (2004), African Christian Ethics. In the introduction Samuel describes the need for writing this book: Christian ethics is often regarded the same as Western ethics, but they are really not the same. The two have become confused because Western missionaries did not bring a true and honest gospel but one that is different from the true gospel. Students who should be studying African Christian ethics are too often busy with the wrong ethical theories coming from the West. What should be taught in African theological colleges is an ethics that is African, biblical and Christian. That is what this book seeks to give to its reader (Kunhiyop, 2004:8-10). We can find a lot of information on African Christian Ethics through the internet and there is a lot of information for Western churches to use. Hippo books are so popular that they are used by many publishers and are well known throughout the world. Some of the publishers like Zondervan and African publishing houses also make use of Hippo books. Hippo books create an environment for the learner or student to get acquainted with all sections of Theology. Hippo books have got information and theories of many of scholars who share their knowledge and experience with us. Hippo books have got a vision to help with the growth in all African churches so they can see their culture from an evangelical perspective. Hippo books also published African Christian Ethics which I am about to review (Davy, 2010). Samuel Waje Kunhiyop was previously the Professor of Theology and Ethics at ECWA Theological Seminary. He holds a Bachelor of Theology, Masters of Theology and PhD at Trinity International University, Illinois. Samuel Waje Kunhiyop was ordained by the Evangelical Church of West Africa as a minister. Currently he is one of the heads of the Postgraduate School at the South African Theological Seminary (Kunhiyop, 2004:4-5). The need for an interpretation of Christianity and all its aspects from an African point of view was necessary. One such asp ect is the question of Christian ethics and how it is affected by Africa and its enormous cultural variety. Samuel identified the need to explore and explain the many questions that arose around the issue of African Christian ethics. According to Kunhiyop he started in his life seeking to find all information and truths about African Christianity. He studies for 8 years in Nigeria for his undergraduate theological training and another 7 years in the United States for his graduate theological training. In 1993 he went back to Nigeria and has been teaching now there for 11 years. Samuel is a great teacher of the Bible, Theology, Ethics and Philosophy. In 1994 he was teaching to a group of students and after finishing with them he asked the students What did you learn from this course? One of the students stood up and answered with the words nothing. Samuel was stunned and because of that answer, he started to investigate and wanted to seek for the right answers. He realised that the i nformation he gave through to the students did not pertain to them and their culture. He knew that he needed to do more for the students for them to succeed in life (Kunhiyop, 2004:8-9). If I can mention that it was very difficult to find the book in the library and Protea Bookshop gave an indication that it would take 10 weeks if I order the book. The book had to come from Kenya. When we look at the life of Samuel Waje Kunhiyop, we can see a Christian who believes in Jesus Christ as his personal Saviour. Although he did most of his studies overseas, he was born and raised in Africa. He wanted to help and assist African Christians struggling with their own situations and problems. He recognized that Africans, and even more so, African Christians, needed guidance in relation to the interpretation of their everyday personal problems within an ethical frame of reference (Kunhiyop, 2004:9). At first I didnt know what to make of the book African Christian Ethics. The book seemed extremely difficult to read, interpret and understand. Why might that be, I asked myself. Then I came to a conclusion. It was because I knew nothing about the Africans and their unique, intricate and diverse cultures. The only knowledge I have is about my own culture and roots. In Ethical Foundation: Section one Samuel Waje Kunhiyop explains what African morality and the African culture consists of (Kunhiyop, 2004:11). It is wonderful to read about my fellow African inhabitants within their interesting context. The songs they love to sing and the stories they love to tell. Then suddenly, the way of the African opens up to you and you begin to understand everything. The style in which the book has been written became much easier to read and interpret. As soon as I caught the drift of things, I enjoyed reading the book immensely. Samuel Waje Kunhiyop has done a lot of research to get to the truth. He also incorporated Biblical content to support his findings and to better explain the interpretation of these findings from a Christian point of view. At work my responsibilities include informing the soldiers about HIV and AIDS. With the knowledge that I gained from Samuels book I can now understand the African soldier better. It also helped me in building better relationships with the soldiers, as I better comprehend their training of thought and understanding of Christianity. Samuel Waje Kunhiyop, through this book, opened up the eyes of many people, scholars and foreigners, although I think there is many more to explore and more information to gain. In South Africa a lot of African people are still confused and do not have identity. I can see that when I work with the youth in South Africa. The youth are lacking the strong morals and values they need to become better human beings in their communities and societies. The content of this book is magnificent and I would definitely encourage other individuals to read it and apply it to future situations with the A frican cultures. Let us explore the content of the book in detail to grasp the crux of what Samuel Waje Kunhiyop want to explain to us. I believe Kunhiyops work is excellent and I want to give him all the credit for this book. The book is divided into two sections, section one: Ethical Foundations, Chapter one, two and three deals with the theory of ethics, while section two: Contemporary Ethical Issues, Chapter four to thirteen discusses practical issues. Issues that is so relevant that we can apply it in our daily lives. The issues are grouped in the following order, as given in the Table of content: Political Issues, Religious Issues, Medical Issues, Welfare Issues, Financial Issues, Witchcraft Issues, AIDS Issues, Marriage Issues, Sexual Issues and Reproductive Technologies. Each chapter begins with a general introduction followed by the chapters dealing with the specific issues in that area. Samuel does not go into a detailed debate regarding War, rather, he looks at the wars and conflicts in Africa and then examines the Bible to find an answer (Kunhiyop, 2004:2). Starting with Contemporary African ethics, we can see that the African society does believe in God as the highest order and as the sole creator of earth and mankind. Secondly they stand under the authority of spirits and ancestors who are the leaders and instructors of good and evil. The distinct differences between morality and ethics are not acknowledged as they experience it as one with their religion. These assumptions are only written on paper as there is no documentary proof of the history or origin thereof. The growing up and teaching or learning through the elderly and community by word of mouth is their reference in life. Most important is the tribe, community and family rules for belonging and not to be a single individual with his or her own set of rules and regulations. Believing in the spirits and the ancestors justifies certain actions as long as you dont get caught and th erefore has a deterrent effect on your family or community. They also believe that you must keep the spirits happy in order to be blessed and not to be cursed in life. Mostly the interaction between family (grandfathers, grandmothers, fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, cousins, nieces and nephews) and the community (neighbors, friends, etc.) is a vital link to the forming of the African cultural inheritance (Kunhiyop, 2004:11-28). Secondly, while Western ethics were founded and applied by numerous leaders of the Enlightenment eras, it had different positive as well as negative impacts on society. One example that has a negative impact on the biblical views of the religious community is the privacy factor where a woman has the sole right to apply abortion if she wishes to. Furthermore I do believe that technology is good for anybody except where it is applied have a negative result to humanity (Kunhiyop, 2004:29-46). The reading and understanding of African Chr istian Ethics was very difficult. Samuel makes mention of many authors and in text citing. The English language he used in Chapter three to point out his facts is confusing as to get the history facts straight. What I do understand from this Chapter is that Samuel writes that Christian theology is the backbone of African Christian ethics and that it will be useless if the Scriptures are not part of the guidance to the rules of African Christian ethics. The Black African Christian has a rule of ethics whereby their ancestors are always consulted and is a part and parcel of their decision making. Therefore in their ethics within certain issues they leave out God in certain other issues they consult Him. He explains that African ethics is deeply rooted in the soul and that it becomes personal, influencing the mind, heart, body and spirit of a person. If a family member has got an issue, that issue will affect the immediate family, as well as their distant relatives. It will influence t hose who are living and those who are dead, but still interested in the affairs of the living. To understand the community is to understand African ethics. This is a critical tool and must be used when studying African ethics. These ethics are developed in interaction with the past, the present and the future, nothing or nobody can be excluded. God, the spirits of the departed, the ancestors and good and evil will always have an enormous influence on the morality of the people. Why, because they are African and full of culture. Although the Bible does not support the doctrines of demons, evil spirits and witchcraft, many Christians are unaware of what the Bible teaches on the subject. Christians believe the Bible also serves as an authoritative moral influence, thus in Africa there is no such thing as an ethical system that has no practical and religious implications. There will always be principles or rules that guide behaviour. These principles or rules are intertwined with practi ces of ethics and work nicely together (Kunhiyop, 2004:47-70). Samuel takes into account all the factors that are historically tied to the given topic and describes each problem in detail. In each problem he looks for a Biblical perspective on the issue, usually asking what the Old Testament says and what the New Testament says. This he does by also including the churchs response and the separate African churchs response before drawing an overall final conclusion. This method which he is using is effective because it keeps the Western reader aware of the differences between the West and Africa approach to ethical problems. The Western and traditional African understanding of ethics has affected the ethical thinking of Christians. We need to change our perspective of the church because the church is constantly growing and becoming stronger in other parts of the world. To conclude his thoughts Kunhiyop offers an outline for decision making. He based this outline on five important p rinciples: God is the ultimate model of morality. The Scriptures provide the only authority in matters of morality. Every aspect of life is subject to the laws of the Scriptures. The scriptures must be properly interpreted and the community of faith can provide support, responsibility and accountability. The world provides the boundaries in which we live out this morality and ethics (Kunhiyop, 2004). I really dont see any difference between Western Christian Ethics and African Christian Ethics. Kunhiyops point is actually what is underlying these ethics. Understanding the different world views on Christian ethics paves the way for Western churches to be influenced by and to have a greater influence on the African churches and their day to day functions. It is important for Christianity to overcome the barriers of culture and language. We are after all loved by Christ regardless of ethnicity and the limitations of the human race. I regard it important to note that even though the ethical values between the Western civilization and the African cultures are similar, the traditions within the set framework of each group changes the interpretation and thus also the outcome of the ethical concepts. It is in this idea that the key to unlocking Samuels thinking process lies. He understands, having been exposed to both African and Western culture, that these differences, however subtle some may be, have an immense impact on the eventual interpretation of a persons set of ethical values. Christian ethics cannot be separated from its religious foundation. The important thing is that God requires something of man and that He stands ready to reward the obedience and punish violation. God has something to do with the very meaning of obligation. This book explains these issues well. The Western world is now faced with a choice: are we going to utilize the tools that will enable us to bridge the gap between two very different civilizations or are we going to sit back and d o nothing? With the right understanding of Africans and how they interpret ethical values we can incorporate a set of Christian ethical values that will, without a doubt, benefit both parties (Kunhiyop, 2004). CONCLUSION The churches need to understand and interpret African Christian Ethics for them to survive in their communities. Let us think about this and understand where Kunhiyop comes from. Bibliography Davy T J 2010. HippoBooks African Evangelical Imprint. Online article: https://bibleandmission.wordpress.com/2010/01/19/hippobooks-african-evangelical-imprint/, 15/01/2009. Kunhiyop S W 2004. African Christian Ethics. United States of America: Hippo Books. INTRODUCTION Must Christians become involved in politics? In Romans 13:1-7 God is proclaiming that the government belongs to Him. God also tells us that we must follow the government of the day. Let us now try and establish a link between the church and the state. ASSIGNMENT 3 Evaluate the practical value and effectiveness of the four factors of change in the church and state relations. Political Factor Bishop Desmond Tutu exclaimed, Now I am going back to the church to do the real business of the church and leave politics to those well qualified to do it (Kumalo, 2009). When Nelson Mandela became the new president of South Africa that was then that there was an active democratic development in South Africa. Bishop Buthelezi also made the same statement on his farewell function. If we look at the church leaders we can see that most of these prominent leaders came from the political milieu and then go over to the church. On the other hand the other side of the coin is also true, church leaders sometimes also join departments and commissions. We dont know if what the two theologians above said, made the church to withdraw from politics, but they do make us to think about the church and their leaders in South Africa. The Sociological Factor It is true that Muslim politicians go to the Muslim community for their votes. In the Christian community the Chr istian politicians will go to the Christian community for their votes. The recent call by General Muhammadu Buhari from Nigeria that Muslims should vote only for Muslim candidates in the forthcoming elections in 2003 has generated a lot of controversy. It is important to understand why this is the case. The morality issue of Buhari could be defended from the point of view of his fundamental right. In other words, he has the freedom and fundamental right to take any position on any issue. The changing relationship between religious groups and the state opens up new challenges and new possibilities. More and more people of different religious groups are getting intertwined and use each other to accomplish goals (Kofarmata, 2009). The Economic Factor God has not called Christians just to work in the church, but however he has called us to get involved with all the economical issues in the world. In any case, God is in us and not just in the church. The gifts of the Holy Spirit th at God has bestowed upon us and the calling from God, means getting involved in identifying the causes of poverty. We can address these problems and help the needy with the support of God. This means that it is not only the responsibility of the government, but a responsibility of the church. Christianity also means getting involved in politics so that the people can have a better life. Christians must try to create and provide on the job training for other people also encouraging them to find jobs. The African church specifically must get involved in politics and government. The church needs to educate their people so that everybody can make positive contributions to our country and government (Kunhiyop, 2004:74). The Religious Factor According to McCain (2008) the last two decades of the twentieth century have been known by for great explosion of Christian activity and Christian growth. Kunhiyop (2004:74) said: During the 1970s it was not uncommon to hear Christians, e specially Christian youth, praying for the nation, which was believed to be under the forces of darkness. All night prayer meetings, fasting and prayers for the nation were common in the church and parachurch organisations such as the one mentioned above. I want to say that the above is true, but the opposite is also true and if we as Christians dont wake up, we are going to miss the opportunity to have an influence in politics. People all over the world still think that religion in politics is a negative and harmful issue that needs to be avoided. We really need to change the way people are thinking and acting in our country. We need to have transformation in our religion, having some objective value that can guide us. If we look at our political leaders when they speak, we must be able to say they are right or wrong, not from a political perspective, but from a religious perspective. The scriptures that we use must be not white or black, but the scriptures of the Holy Word of G od. It is the absence of religion in politics that creates this huge gap in our society. We really have to be critical in this analysis. What are we going to do as a nation? Can a nation return to God? I think the question is, can we as a nation rise above our racial and discrimination issues and form one church? If black and white churches unite and stand together, the prayer and fasting for our nation will come back. The youth in this country will stand together and fight for religion and not for politics (MCain, 2008). Distinguish between the concepts state, government, politics and church. State A State is a self-governing political driven place. A state has territory which has internationally recognised boundaries and sometimes there can be quarrels over boundaries. A state has got the following in it: People that are staying and living there permanently. A strong or weak economic structure. A government that must supply things like police services and public services. A state can enter into relations with other states. A state is a nation? Where there is a state there is a nation? Governments can change but a state can stay static and not change for a very long time. Most of the States have sovereignty over their countries so that other states cant interfere. In Somalia this very same thing happened due to civil war. Somalia was part of the internal strife and because it had little authority outside Afghanistan, Somalia collapsed (Global Policy, nd). Government A government can be seen as a body within the community or an organisation that makes and enforce the laws, rules and regulations. A government is committed to the promotion and protection of human rights and human dignity. They are there to establish a society based on democratic values and social justice. The government must lay the foundation for a democratic and open society which is based on the will of people and where every citizen is equally protected by law. They definitely have to improve the quality of life of all the peop le supporting the government of that day. It is necessary to construct a culture of peace and replacing a culture of violence and disregard for human life. For me, this is what a government must consist of (Kunhiyop, 2004:77). Politics Politics is a need for the general public to have a representative in places other than the ordinary home or workplace. Candidates make themselves available to be elected through votes so that they can represent the people in different public and government organisations (Wikipedia, 2010). Church A church is a Christian religious organisation made up of a congregation, its members and clergy. The religious body is organised with constitutions and laws so that the church can function well. Churches often belong to a broader tradition within the Christian religion, like the Dutch Reformed church, sharing in a sense a history, culture and doctrinal rules with other church (Davies, 2009). Renwick and Harman (1958) said the following with re gards to the church: Here we see the fulfillment of our Lords words that, although His kingdom was like a grain of mustard seed, it would yet become a great tree sheltering the birds of the air (Luke 13:19). The small and apparently weak church became a mighty organisation known throughout the earth. Its history shows its moral grandeur; it shows, too, certain defects arising from human weakness and the love of worldly pomp and power contrary to the spirit of the Master. We see many struggles between conflicting systems of church, government, causing strife and division. Contrast the two views, namely: Arguments for Separation versus Arguments for involvement of church and state. William Temple states it succinctly: Either Christians try to act as churchmen in the world, only to find that the world refuses to be ordered on the principles proper to the church; or else they look out for the secular policy most congenial to their Christian outlook, only to find that their Christianity is a dispensable adjunct of no practical importance (Kunhiyop, 2004:86). Arguments for Separation can be because of the following reasons: People must not get involved in politics, people are there to proclaim the Word of God and evangelize. The state might harm the church in a big way. The church might be influenced or pressured to make decisions that can be very harmful. The state can demand that the ban on homosexual activity or abortion must be taken away and that the church have to acknowledge and regard these activities as right. We can see that politics is sometimes dirty and morals and values are thrown overboard for the sake of politics. Christians have ce rtain values and must adhere to that value system. In South Africa many politicians are also clergy of the church. The problem with this is that when the clergy makes mistakes in government, it reflects not only bad in the church, but also in the community. People then often say, Look at that man, he is a Bishop and a man of the church, but he steals from society (Kunhiyop, 2004:86-88). Arguments for involvement of church and state can be because of the following reasons: Some people say that the state should be part of religion generally to operate properly and encourage ethical and moral believes inside and outside of government. Religious groups ought to be involved in politics, to assure that laws are passed which reflect the truth of religion. People from different walks of life have become highly and vocally involved in promoting what they believe to be Christian values in government and this is a good thing. There is that perception that all politicians are dirty, we ll that is not true. When Christians becomes involved in state affairs, there is so much to do: Praying, assisting others to be loyal to the state, changing moral and ethical values in our country and many other good deeds. I think sometimes we can learn from the Islam people. The Islamic religious people hold that political life can only function properly within the context of Islamic law. Since Gods law is the truth to all people, any state law opposed to Gods law would be harmful to the citizens and displeasing to God. What an awesome concept, follow the law of the state and you are following the law of God. Christians need to be realistic about the prospects ahead for the church and the state, with all the difficulties being faced in an honest manner. On the other hand, there are many encouragements. The rapid growth of Christianity helps the churches to put more pressure on the state to change and become one force concept. Ultimately, however, the future of the church and the s tate depends upon God and not us (Kunhiyop, 2004:89-95). CONCLUSION Separating religion and politics is so wrong because God is the one who chooses our rulers. If we are the ones not actively involved in electing those godly men and women, then were going to have a nation of secular laws. Thats not what our founding fathers intended and thats certainly isnt what God intended. Bibliography Kumalo S R 2009. Christians in Politics Portal. Online article: https://www.christianpoliticsportal.org/k/n22654/news/view/364654/383320/The-people-shall-govern-now-they-have-only-the-possibility-to-vote.html, 15/01/2009. Kofarmata A I 2009. Nigeria: Re-Saving Buhari. Online article: https://allafrica.com/stories/200911180160.html, 16/01/2009. Kunhiyop S W 2004. African Christian Ethics. United States of America: Hippo Books. McCain D 2008. The Church in Africa in the Twenty-First Century: Characteristics, Challenges and Opportunities. Online article: https://www.iics.com/church_in_africa.html, 16/01/2009. Global Policy n.d. What is a State? Online article: https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/what-is-a-state.html, 16/01/2009. Wikipedia 2010. Politics. Online article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics, 17/01/2009. Davies S 2009. What is a Church? Online article: https://protestantism.suite101.com/article.cfm/what_is_a_church, 17/01/2009. Renwick A M and Harman A M (eds) 1958. The Story of the Church. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press. INTRODUCTION What is a strike? Are strikes permissible and what are God and the Bible saying about strikes? ASSIGNMENT 4 Briefly define what a strike is and describe the nature of a general strike. Davidmann (1996) made the following comment: People are enslaved when they are forced to work through need, have to work to survive. They are enslaved to the extent to which they are forced to accept mere survival existence in return for the work they do. They are free to the extent to which they are able to choose freely between one employer and another, to the extent to which they are backed by a comprehensive system of social security and services if falling on difficult times. I think we must first try to understand why people strike. Sometimes people are powerless to fight for his or her wages and because of this they get together and form a group to demand better wages. A general strike is when people belonging to an organisation dont want to work anymore and they just refuse to work or cause other people to not perform work. The nature of a general strike may be specific to a particular workplace, employer or unit within a workplace. Strikes are always used to put pres sure governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes are organised to change the rules of a particular political party. Strikes are usually used to show the employee that they can fight the system and the employer for a better future. Most of the strikes are undertaken by labour unions during collective bargaining to assist the employees in their fight to obtain more wages or working conditions (Lenin, 1899). State and assess the advantages and disadvantages of general strikes. The advantages of a general strike. The advantages of a general strike are that employees can really be properly presented by unions fighting for their rights on national level. It is a fact that every person must work to survive and not all people are strong enough to fight for their rights. Employees must sometimes work under very difficult conditions, for example the mineworkers work for hours on end underground. Strikes can be important for implementing new working practices which improve productivity. A general strike can be a necessary stage in the struggle, the necessary means for getting the old leadership fired and new leadership appointed so that within the working class itself, better leadership can take place and employees can know that their well being is taken care off. A general strike can either result in victory or defeat, but the responsibility lies with the unions (Trotsky, 1947). The disadvantages of a general strike. Usually with a general strike there is a mass group of people that struggle for victory and some of the people get lost in this whole process. Some might during this struggle try to get out, but because he or she is one of thousands then cannot get out and gets in trouble with the rest of the group. Yes, it is normal that unions will not worry about the one individual and will only fight for the issue of the majority. This is why individual agreements between employees and management are then not allowed. The union leaders, for instance (SANDU) make decisions for all employees, which most of the time is not positive for the individual person that may have other issues that needs to be tabled. Most collective bargaining agreements require all employees to support their union financially as a condition of their continued employment. Does the employee then really get his money worth? The law provides that employees may decide not to formally join the union. In South Africa, they are also then not required to pay certain fees. Another disadvantage of union membership is that members can be fined or otherwise disciplined by their union for engaging in activities without their permission. So, what we can say is that the union is in actual fact controlling the lives of these poor uninformed people (Hunter, 1999). I would like to give the following example: During the SA Defence Forces strike many soldiers were injured and lost their jobs because of the strike. The Defence Force needs to be a disciplined force and cannot afford the scandal of soldiers striking. The problem with strikes is that people may lose their lives and get fired fighting for the wrong issues. Is it really worthwhile to strike? Briefly describe a real-life scenario involving a strike. Analyse the situation, applying appropriate Christian principles and sound reasoning to all the parties involved in the situation. In August 2009 SANDF soldiers went on an illegal protest in Pretoria at the Union buildings. The soldiers were co mplaining about their salaries and the fact that they must protect the country, inside and outside the borders of South Africa. Some of the concerns that they raised was for example: A soldier who is 46 years of age is earning a salary of R5000 before his deductions, while his college in the Police Service is earning much more. You cannot take care of your family or even try to buy a house for that amount. The soldiers are staying in backyard hired rooms with their families. Some soldiers stay in the mess because of cheaper accommodation, but his or her family is at home in another province. The other issue that they raised was about their working conditions, the fact that most of the working facilities in the Defence Force are old and dilapidated. The equipment used to do their daily tasks is also not up to standard. Everyday some of the soldiers put their lives at risk working in unfavourable conditions (Mail Guardian, 2009:1-4). When we look at the scenario above, we can see that the soldiers really had something to complain about. The fact that for so many years nobody took the time to listen to the soldiers, made them to react in this undisciplined and unprofessional manner. The soldiers are sometimes pushed for productivity and not safety. If we look at the hours the soldiers must work, the fact that they deploy to foreign countries, dying is not worth it. I just think the manner in which they strike is not very good for the honour of the Defence Force. We belong to the government and everything we do reflects both negative and positive in government. I also think that the soldier must ask him or herself the following question: Who are they working for, is it for themselves or for God? We must work for the Glory of God and not because it feels like a death sentence. The Bible is not condemning us, in actual fact the Bible is showing us all Gods blessing for us. By reading the early chapters of Genesis we can receive teachings regarding a biblical vie w of work. A Christians work is a natural, inevitable development out of Gods work. God, who works, created us also to work, like Adam and Eve in the garden were instructed by God to gather food, cultivate the earth, name the animals and care for creation. The fall doesnt change this instruction, but it does add to our role as co-workers. We now assist God in His redeeming work, restoring creation to Gods original intentions. Titus 2:9-10, Exhort bondservants to be obedient to their own masters, to be well pleasing in all things, not answering back, not pilfering, but showing all good fidelity, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things. Work came before the fall and it is not a result of the fall. The fall has made the context in which we work more challenging. Working with God has great significance, value and is much more than paid employment. What a wonderful opportunity for a father to show his appreciation to God by painting the house or a mother g etting lunches ready for the children and assisting at a welfare organisation. Whatever you do, how big or small, all of this is work for the Kingdom of God. This means that those of us who are unemployed can still work; those of us who are not getting paid can still work. Much of our time outside of paid employment is work. Most people want to make a difference with their lives, but first we have to identify our part in extending the Kingdom of God. We are agents for good and living in this world. The workplace is where most Christians spend the whole day and work is a divine calling, especially for the soldier. CONCLUSION Striking is not always the answer for our problems. God is the answer too our problems. Bibliography Davidmann M 1996. The Right to Strike. Online article: https://www.solhaam.org/articles/right.html#top, 21/05/2010. Lenin V I 1899. On Strikes. Online article: https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1899/dec/strikes.htm, 21/05/2010. Trotsky L 1947. The Nature of the General Strike. Online article: https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/ni/vol13/no08/trotsky.htm, 17/01/2009. Hunter R P 1999. Disadvantages of Union Representation. Online article: https://www.mackinac.org/2313, 17/01/2009. MailGuardian 2009. Sisulu: Protesting soldiers will be sacked. Online article: https://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-08-27-sisulu-protesting-soldiers-will-be-sacked#comments, 21/05/2010. INTRODUCTION The objective of Africa must be to alleviate poverty and to improve the quality of life of people. Developing countries need to come together and implement strategies to get rid of poverty. We can always just treat the symptoms, but we must get to the cause of poverty. We need to focus on certain areas to address the needs of the poor. ASSIGNMENT 5 Identify and discuss the causes of poverty. Pension for the elderly. The value of the South African social pension is relatively low, but generous if we look at other developing countries. South Africa just doesnt have adequate welfare assistance for South Africans and there is no support for the unemployed in this country. Studies have shown that with households headed by older persons, because of the impact of HIV and AIDS, this has even worsened. This old-age pension then serves as the lifeline for most of the older South Africans. People are abusing the older people physically and economically in order to get to their pension money. The funds of the elderly for food, water, electricity are limited and will have an impact on them, the poorer they are, the larger the impact. HIV and AIDS. This is a pandemic in South Africa and has got a tremendous influence in the mortality of young adults. As a result of HIV and AIDS, the older and poorer people not only have to care for their adult children who suffer from AIDS, but a lso for their grandchildren who are orphaned when their parents die. The grandmothers and grandfathers are emotionally drained as a result of the changing family structure and through the loss of their children, who traditionally would have cared for them in their old age (Kunhiyop, 2004:132). Unemployment. In South Africas townships where large proportions of poor people live, the informal sector makes an enormous negative contribution to the local economy. Since 1995, large numbers of workers have lost their jobs in the formal sector and the informal sector has consequently grown, placing a huge burden on the government. Education. It has been found that there are many children being underachievers because of the fact that they come from low-income families. This often begins in their early years as children where the child must go to a primary school that is not on standard, or he or she cant even go to a school. Families and society who can only invest a small portion of t heir money in the education and development of their children end up with less favourable results for their children. Poverty often drastically affects childrens success in school. Poor children have a great deal less healthcare and this ultimately results in many absences from the academic year. The children get so sick that they are unable to attend school and write exams (Bradshaw and Steyn, 2001:20). Over population. Overpopulation and lack of access to birth control methods drive poverty. There is just not enough space for all the people in this world of us. Everyday more and more children are born and families just dont have the capacity to feed the children or to even care for them (Kunhiyop, 2004:131). If we look at the unemployment figures, we can see that there are not enough jobs for everyone. We can truly and honestly say that the middle class income group is not anymore the middle class income group; they are now the lower class income group. The worlds population is expected to reach nearly 9 billion in 2040. Poverty causes overpopulation as it gives women little power to plan childhood, have educational attainment, or a career. Women are left at their own mercy, suffering because there are not in a position to provide for their families if something happens to the spouse (Wikipedia, 2010). Explain the root causes of poverty according to Biblical theism. Biblical Theism can be explained in the following way: Because God exist, reality is personal. Biblical Theism says that life is full of resources and wealth. Humans are just imagining that they are poor and that they have nothing, for instance wealth. Man must be creative in his thinking. Theism also says that wealth is in the mind and heart of people. Poverty can be solved by creating societies that can create new hope for themselves and their community, like solar energy (Millers and Myers, 2007). Miller and Myers (2007) told the following story: For example, an old man worked as a scavenger among the citys dumps and lived in little cardboard shack by a river in a slum in Indonesia. After a developers bulldozer came without any warning and bulldozed his cardboard shack by the riverside into the river, in tears he said, Even the rubbish have a place, but I have no place. The next day, he was found dead curled up by the riverside. When the poor have no understanding why t hey exist or why they were even created in the first place, when they see that even the rubbish have more value than they do, when they cannot believe that they are capable of effecting any change in their lives, what would bringing the Gospel to him be? (Miller and Myers, 2007). Is it possible for us to help the poor so that they can regain their faith and trust in this world and in God? The poor are also made in the image of God and they need to know that. God not only created the world and all of us for nothing, we are here to serve and to work for the Kingdom on God. There need to be change in us, change in people and in the communities as a whole. The poor need to feel that we love them and want to take care of them. We need to love the poor in such a way that it will restore in them their own image of themselves and the understanding that they are precious and valuable to God. God gave the poor gifts and He wants to empower them so that their lives can change for the good a nd that they can be worthwhile to their communities (Miller and Myers, 2007). Create a body of advice that is practically orientated to assist the poor and needy. Give as much as you can. Giving is a key to living well. The bigger picture is: The whole earth belongs to God, His glory fills the earth, and Jesus Christ is the centre of the Universe and everything that belongs to you. All things are yours to enjoy, but also to manage. We are all managers that have a responsibility to give and to share. Its an attitude, a lifestyle and a habit. God rewards those who give to the needy. We must be mindful of the ways we advance financially in life. There are two kinds of seed seed to eat and seed to sow. Do not eat the seed that should be used to sow next season! If you do, you will have absolutely nothing when harvest-time comes, for you did not sow anything. Jesus Christ has said it is more blessed to give than to receive. What can we give? Many of you are very busy and are unable to spend the time necessary to care for the poor, even if you want to. Well, luckily charity depends on industry and while you may not currently have time, you might be able to supply money for those who have time but not money. What do you have? Knowledge, skills, love, experience. Share what you have. Also share money. God knows how much you have and keep, and spend, and use and give. Ephesians 5:2 Live a life filled with love for others, following the example of Christ, who loved you and gave Himself as a sacrifice to take away your sins. Having Compassion. Compassion can be divided into three categories: (1) Social Services. (2) Programs to educate the poor. (3) Empower the poor (Coleman and John, 1999:8). Getting involved with Social Services. There is a lot that we can do to help the poor. Soup kitchens are a wonderful method in feeding the poor. An outreach to certain hospices and institutions to visit the poor and dying people. Becoming involved in community outreach to assist the people that are struggling with crime, drugs and the delivery of basic needs. We must always have direct contact with Social Services as a chur ch to show our compassion and love to the poor people (Coleman and John, 1999:9). Programs to educate the poor. We must ask ourselves what causes this poverty in our country. Well, unemployment I think is the biggest problem in South Africa. People are dying of hunger because they are not educated enough and do not have a job. It is our responsibility to teach the people and give them certain skills in life (Coleman and John, 1999:9-10). Empowerment of the poor. The purpose of this is to enable the poor to become better people so that they can actively participate in life. The church must empower the poor with faith so that they can believe in themselves again. Usually poor people dont have a good self esteem and they see themselves as worthless and nobodies. Let us empower them so that they can gain the confidence in life to rise above the circumstances (Coleman and John, 1999:10-11). Building Relationships (Jesus and the Disciples) Are there ways that you can combine a ny of your normal activities with caring for the poor? For example, could you include the time you spend with your spouse or child or discipleship relationship in helping others together? It may be an encounter with a homeless person on the street who needs money immediately for his children at home; it may be someone who is being evicted from his apartment the next day. All the above circumstances can make us uneasy in helping because it requires urgency and, often, fast cash. It is your responsibility to take time to understand the situation and what will be the best way to help (Kunhiyop, 2004:147). Samuel Waje Kunhiyop says the following: First, Christians are fundamentally different from non-Christians. Second, Christians must permeate non-Christian Society. Third, Christians can influence non-Christian society. Fourth, Christians must retain their Christian distinctions (Kunhiyop, 2004:145). Society today is riddled with a lot of challenges, one of which is corruption and criminality. Everyday we hear in the news about the crime and corruption that occurs in our country. Corrupt Christians are stealing from the poor, not worrying about the poor. Accountability and responsibility towards the poor always go together. Responsibility has to do with who is to blame. Sometimes we as Christians want to climb the ladder of success, but we dont realise that the impact is greater on those around us. Let us first think about the poor and the poverty stricken people. Let us try and defend the poor against ourselves, society and government (Kunhiyop, 2004:146). CONCLUSION The moral of the story is that each one of us can make a difference even in the smallest way that we are able to contribute. It is better to light one candle than to curse the darkness. Bibliography Kunhiyop S W 2004. African Christian Ethics. United States of America: Hippo Books. Bradshaw D and Steyn K (eds) 2001. Poverty and Chronic Diseases in South Africa. Online article: https://www.mrc.ac.za/bod/povertyfinal.pdf, 17/01/2009. Wikipedia 2010. Poverty. Online article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty, 17/01/2009. Miller D and Myers B (eds) 2007. Understanding Poverty Helping the Poor. Online article: 17/01/2009. Coleman S J and John A (eds) 1999. Compassion, Solidarity and Empowerment, Social Thought, 19: 2, 7 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  20. Online journal: https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J131v19n02_02, 20 May 2010. INTRODUCTION The church is constantly now confronted with new reproductive technologies. The church must also acknowledge the Word of God in everything that is done. In all of this the church must submit to the will of God. How must the church react towards technologies and reproductive advancements? ASSIGNMENT 6 Clarify the benefits of reproductive technologies and how these impact the continent of Africa. If you live outside of Africa, shed light on the impact reproductive technologies are having on your continent. It is indeed praiseworthy to see that the medical industry found ways to overcome infertility. Infertility causes daily great pain and anguish for many married couples. We all know that children are a wonderful gift of marriage and it is good to try to overcome the obstacles that prevent children from being conceived and born. Reproductive technologies are so advanced and can enable infertile people to achieve pregnancy. Geisler (1989:186-190) looked at numerous ways for reproductive technologies. There are two forms of Artificial insemination: artificial insemination by the husband (AIH) and artificial insemination by a donor (AID). In vitro fertilization (IVF), Surrogate motherhood, Cloning and many other. God said to Moses, Who makes him deaf or mute? Who gives him sight or makes him blind? Is it not I the Lord (Exodus 4:11). We can see that reproductive technology is an excellent mechanism used to help stimulate the growth of the population, but there is also a negativ e impact on the world as well. The world has become too small for all the people because they have exploited its resources in an unsustainable manner. Who has been doing the exploiting and who consumes more than they must? Well, it is Africa, the continent with one of the biggest population. Africa, with an average fertility rate of more than five children per woman has grown the fastest among regions. I also think when people talk about overpopulation, they must point fingers at us, because there are so many poor people in Africa. I think that because of Reproductive Technologies the world is now going towards mass famine and deprivation. Such growth cannot continue otherwise within a few hundred years every square foot of the Earths surface would be taken up by human beings. It is time for Africa to wake up and admit that the over population is on our side. If we cut down our population to half, then there might be enough resources to go around. It is very natural to ask the quest ions, does humanity have a carrying capacity and, if so, what is it and when will we reach or overshoot this limit? However, time is needed for the birth and death rates to equilibrate, during which time the population will continue to grow rapidly. Whether human beings understand these things or not, the Bible promises that: The glory of the Lord will be revealed and all mankind together will see it. For the mouth of the Lord has spoken (Isaiah 40:5). Discuss how you believe the church should respond with regard to new scientific knowledge. We should never turn the chance down to find cures for Cancer or Alzheimers disease in favour of a belief. Personally I think the problem is with our own inability as a society to know what to do with discoveries of science. Most of us have no problem to know what to do with discoveries of science and without the discoveries of science, life would be much less comfortable. Reproductive technologies and other technologies have made a huge difference in some peoples lives. Medical technologies can prolong lives and give comfort in times of pain and suffering. Krattenmaker (2010) said the following: Do religious believers really want the truth of their faith wagered on an attempt to prove that countless scientists have somehow botched their reading of the fossil record? No, because the Bible is our ultimate authority. We ought to be able to trust our God and the claims the Bible makes. Suggestion to creationists: Let science be science and let religion prevail in the vast areas where science has little or nothing to offer. I dont think that religion must be worried about the facts of science, because religion will always be proof of God and it is what the Bible tells us. When we start to argue on which one is correct, the beliefs of the Bible and the book of Genesis is a good starting point. Science and the Bible are light years apart. Being a Christian in modern science can be very frustrating to some people. Some of the people will find themselves thinking why he cant make a choice between the two. We as Christians must not get involved in Reproductive Technologies (Kunhiyop, 2004:236). Scientists can be scientists and also Christians. They can keep their scientific book next to their bibles. I really believe that the church can discern with the help of God if some reproductive technologies is right or wrong. The church can always intervene with values, moral and ethics when they see technologies being used that is dangerous to society. The church can always go back to the bible when they need to research about technology. They say that reproductive technologies can sometimes be for the better than for the worse, like giving a person without a leg, prosthesis. I think we just have to follow the example of Paul: Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men. Let us as human not play God. Humans can go far in trying to better the medicine and technologies, but there are limits, limits that only God can overcome (Kunhiyop, 2004:239). CONCLUSION Humankind supports the quest for knowledge in order to better human life. Bibliography Geisler N L 1989. Christian Ethics: Options and Issues. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House. Krattenmaker T 2010. The Bible versus Science. Online article: https://blogs.usatoday.com/oped/2007/02/the_bible_vs_sc.html, 17/01/2009. Kunhiyop S W 2004. African Christian Ethics. United States of America: Hippo Books.